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Wikipedia:IPA for Russian

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) should be applied to represent Russian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Russian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.

IPA Examples IPA Examples
Consonants
b бок; небо белого; воробей
d дом; деда делает; Владимир
f фата; выставка;[1] Чехов;[2] шурф фея; червь[2]
ɡ говорю; другой ɡʲ гербарий; ноги
j есть; юла; я; толстый [3]  
k кость; рука; бок кишки; короткий
l луна; стула ; ствол[4] лес; колено; мысль
m мыло; думать; там мясо; доме
n нос; женщина; он нёс; они; корень
p пыль; стопа; скрип; зуб[2] пепел
r рыба; широкий; орла; жир река; четыре; три; зверь
s собака; писать; нос; глаз[2] синего; здесь; есть; грызть[1]
ʂ широкий; наш; хороший; муж;[2] что ɕː щегол; считать; мужчина; вращать [5]
t тот; читаю; водка;[1] лёд[2] тереть; дитя; грудь[2]
ts цель; птица; отец чей; печень; течь
v ваш; давать; его[6] вести; человек
x ходить; ухо; бог[7] хина; лёгких[1][7]
z заезжать; язык зелёный; озеро; просьба;[1] зверь
ʐ жест; тяжёлый ʑː сжимать; заезжать
IPA Examples
Stressed vowels
a трава́
æ пять
ɑ па́лка [8]
e цель
ɛ жест
i си́него
ɨ ты
o о́блако
ɵ тётя
u пу́ля
ʉ чуть
Unstressed vowels
ɐ паро́м; сообража́ть; стопа́
ə ко́жа; ше́я; облако
ɪ тяжёлый; эта́п; четы́ре
ɨ дыша́ть; жена́; се́рдце
ʉ юти́ться
ʊ мужчи́на
Other symbols used in transcription of Russian pronunciation
IPA Explanation
ˈ Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example этап [ɪˈtap]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence (Halle 1959:31)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent (Halle 1959:22).
  3. ^ The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.
  4. ^ /l/ is often strongly pharyngealized but this feature is nondistinctive (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996:187-188).
  5. ^ While some speakers pronounce words with <щ> as [ɕɕ] and some as [ɕtɕ], none contrast the two pronunciations, even in words where this sound is spelled with other letters.
  6. ^ Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes
  7. ^ a b When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also lenited
  8. ^ [ɑ] appears between a hard consonant (or a pause) and /l/

[edit] See also

[edit] References

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