Ma Hualong

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Ma Hualong (马化龙) (died 1871), a leader of the Jahriya (also spelt Jahariyah) school of Sufism, was a leader in the Muslim Rebellion of the Hui people of the then Gansu province. Ma was besieged in the Chinese city of Jinjibao (then in Gansu, now in Ningxia) for sixteen months before surrendering in March 1871 to the Qing General Zuo Zongtang. Zuo sentenced Ma and over eighty of his officials to death by slicing.

Ma Hualong's grave is in Dongta township of Lingwu county (灵武市). More than 10,000 people from all over China attended a commemoration ceremony (ermaili) there in 1985.^[1]

He is related to the Ma clique family, who were Islamic Chinese warlords controlling Northwest China under the Kuomintang.

[edit] References

Jonathan N. Lipman, "Ethnicity and Politics in Republican China: The Ma Family Warlords of Gansu" Modern China, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Jul., 1984), pp. 285-316. (JSTOR)
Jonathan N. Lipman, "Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China (Studies on Ethnic Groups in China)", University of Washington Press (February 1998), ISBN 0295976446. (Searchable text available on Amazon.com)
The mausoleum of Ma Hualong Photo made ca. 1936 by Claude C. Pickens. This photo, and many related photos, in the proper context can be found by going to the Harvard University Library Visual Information Access site, and entering "Pickens" and "Ma Hualong" in the first two of the search boxes.