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List of empires

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This is an alphabetical list of empires that stretched far beyond their geographical and cultural limits to govern other parts of the world. The list includes empires that may only have had cultural and economic influences. Some historians may consider some of the empires listed below as dynasties instead.

Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Empire Origin Capital From To Note
Abbasid Iraq Baghdad (750-1258) and Cairo (1261-1517) 750 1517 See also Umayyad Empire
Achaemenid Persia (Iran) Anshan 550 BC 330 BC Second Persian Empire,The largest in Classical Antiquity,Founded by Cyrus the great
Afsharid empire Persia Mashhad 1736 1796 see Persian empire
Akkadian Sumer Akkad 2350 BC 2150 BC
Almohad Morocco Marrakech and later on Seville, Spain 1147 1262 See also Almoravids
Almoravid Morocco Marrakech 1073 1147 See also Almohads
Angevin England and France London and Poitiers 1154 1453
Armenian modern day Armenia Tigranakert 95 BC 60 BC Tigranes was named as the king of kings.
Assyrian Mesopotamia Assur, then Nineveh 1920 BC 609 BC Exact origin at Upper Tigris river
Athenian Ancient Greece Delos island 477 BC 431 BC Also known as Delian League. It was an association of Greek city-states
Austrian Modern day Austria Vienna 1804 1867 Replaced the Holy Roman Empire
Austro-Hungarian Central Europe Vienna and Budapest 1867 1918 Replaced the Austrian Empire
Axumite Ethiopia Axum c. 100 c. 950 Succeeded by Ethiopian Empire
Aztec Mesoamerica Tenochtitlan 1375 1521 The capital of Mexico, Mexico City, is built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan.
Babylonian Mesopotamia Babylon 1900 BC 1600 BC See also Neo-Babylonian Empire
Balhae Northern part of Korean Peninsula, Manchuria Sanggyeong 698 926 See also Balhae
Belgian Belgium Brussels 1901 1962 overseas possessions were referred to as "the colonies" rather than as an empire
Brazilian Brazil Rio de Janeiro 1822 1889 Established by the Portuguese royal family went into exile in Brazil after Napoleonic occupation of Portugal
British Britain London 1707 1997 End of Empire was formally recognized with the end of British presence in Hong Kong. Was the largest Empire in world history
First Bulgarian Empire Danube delta Pliska, Preslav, Ohrid 632 1018 Founded by the Bulgar ruler Kubrat. Under Tsar Simeon I became the first powerful Slavic Empire. Falls to the Byzantine Empire under Basil the Bulgar-Slayer
Second Bulgarian Empire Veliko Tarnovo Veliko Tarnovo 1185 1422 Successor of the First Bulgarian Empire. Under the Tsars Kaloyan and Ivan Asen II became the most powerful state on the Balkans
Byzantine Byzantine Greece Constantinople 330 1453 Term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages
Central African Central African Republic Bangui 1977 1979 Jean-Bédel Bokassa declared himself Emperor Bokassa in 1977
Chalukya India Vatapi 600 1200 see Chalukya dynasty
Chera Southern India Vanchi Muthur 300 BC 300 AD A Tamil empire
Chinese Empire China Various, including Beijing, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Luoyang, Xi'an, Kaifeng, Zhengzhou 221 BC 1912 Weakened by Western Empires, and the court reluctance for reform, China became a republic in 1912, but continues to occupy most of the area occupied by the Qing dynasty
Chola Southern India Thanjavur and later Gangaikonda Cholapuram 850 1279 A Tamil empire
Gran Colombian South America Bogotá 1819 1831 see Gran Colombia
Durrani Afghanistan Kandahar and Kabul 1747 1823
Dutch Netherlands Amsterdam 1620 - See also Dutch East India Company
Elamite Ilam Province, Persia (Iran), Anshan (Persia or Iran) and Susa, (Khuzestan) 2700 BC 539 BC
Ethiopian Ethiopia varied over time 1270 1975
Egyptian Empire Egypt, Africa Memphis 1570 BC 1270 BC
Fatimid Egypt Cairo 910 1171
First French Empire France Paris 1804 1814
First Colonial French France Paris 1605 1803
Second French Empire France Paris 1852 1870
Second Colonial French France Paris 1830 Present
Frankish Gaul Aachen, (Aix-la-Chapelle) 5th century 10th century
Gallic Rhineland-Palatinate Augusta Treverorum 260 274 In Latin, Imperium Galliarum
German Germany Berlin 1871 1918
Ghanaian West of Sahel, Africa Koumbi Saleh 750 1068 The Empire became known in Europe and Arabia as the "Ghana Empire" by the title of its ruler (meaning "Warrior King")
Ghaznavid Empire Afghanistan Ghazni 963 1187
Ghurids Afghanistan Ghor 1175 1215
Goryeo Korea Gaegyeong 918 1392
Goguryeo Part of Korean Peninsula, Manchuria Pyeongyang 37 BC 668 "Conquered much of Manchuria, defeated the armies of China's Sui and Tang Empires and became a major regional power"
Golden Horde Central Asia Sarai 1378 1502 Break-away state of the Mongol Empire
Grand Duchy of Lithuania Eastern Europe Vilnius 13th century 1569 Largest empire in Europe at the time
Great Moravia Mitteleuropa/Central Europe Morava 833 900 The word "Moravia" did not refer only to present-day Moravia
Great Fulo Senegal Tekrur 1514 1776
Gupta Empire Indian subcontinent Ujjain 240 55
Haitian North America Port-au-Prince 1804 1806 Jean-Jacques Dessalines declared himself Emperor
Han Empire China Chang'an, Luoyang 206 BC 220 AD
Harsha India Kannauj 606 647
Hebrew Israel Jerusalem 1050 BC 920 BC aka "United Kingdom of Israel and Judah" later divided to Kingdom of Israel until 720 BC and Kingdom of Judah until 586 BC.
Hephthalites Afghanistan Kabul 425 557 .
Hittite Anatolia Hattusa, now named Boğazkale, Turkey 1460 BC 1180 BC See also Neo-Hittite
Hotaki Afghanistan Kandahar 1709 1738
Hoysala India Belur 1000 1400
Hungarian Central Europe Fehérvár, Esztergom, later Buda 1000 1918
Incan Empire (Tawantinsuyo) Andes (Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, parts of Chile, Argentina and Colombia) Cusco 1438 1533 The largest empire in pre-Columbian America.
Indus Valley spread over present India,Pakistan,Afghanistan Mohenjo-Daro,Harappa,Lothal 3300 BC 1700 BC See Indus Valley Civilisation
Irish Ireland Armagh 1005 1014
Italian Modern day Italy Rome 1885 1941
Japanese Japan Nara,Kyoto,Tokyo 1856 1945 See also Meiji Era, Taishō period and Showa Era
Joseon Korea Hanseong 2333 BC 1910 Joseon was known as the Korean Empire from 1897-1910, but the dynasty remained as the kingdom since 1392.
Khmer Cambodia Angkor 802 1462 seceded from the kingdom of Chenla
Khilji Afghanistan Kabul, and Delhi 1290 1320
Kongo Southwest Africa Mbanza Kongo 1400 1888 BaKongo kingdom that dominated West Central Africa and included parts of modern day Angola, Republic of the Congo, and the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Korean Korean Peninsula Seoul 2333 BC 1910 See also Korean Empire
Khwar Persia 11th Century 1220
Kushan Empire Afghanistan Bagram, Taxila, Mathura 105 250
Latin Asia Minor Constantinople 1204 1261 See also Crusader states
Lodhi Afghanistan Delhi 1451 1526
Macedonian Hellenistic Greece Pella 338 BC 309 BC Founded by Alexander the Great
Magadhan Ancient India Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) 684 BC 26 BC See also Mahajanapadas and Maurya Empire
Mali West Africa Niani 1235 1610 A Mandinka empire founded by Sundiata Keita
Majapahit Malay Archipelago Majapahit, Wilwatikta 1293 1527
Maratha Indian subcontinent Satara 1674 1818 Founded by Shivaji Maharaj, also known as the Maratha Confederacy.
Mauryan Ancient India Pataliputra 321 BC 185 BC Founded by Chandragupta Maurya. Ashoka the Great transformed it into the first Buddhist empire
Mayan Yucatan Peninsula Tikal 250 900 Many other major sites: Chichén Itzá, Mayapán, Uxmal
Median Empire Persia Ecbatana 728 BC 559 BC First Persian empire,Founded by Deioces
First Mexican Empire Modern-day Mexico 1822 1823 Preceded the Second Mexican Empire which was short lived (1864-1867). See also Mexican Imperial Orders
Second Mexican Empire Modern-day Mexico 1864 1867 Succeeded the First Mexican Empire which was short lived (1822-1823). See also Mexican Imperial Orders
Micronesian Empire Micronesia, Pacific Ocean Yap 10th century 15th century
Ming China Nanjing, Beijing 1368 1644
Mitanni Kurdistan Taite and Washshukanni (Khabur River) c. 1500 BC c. 1200 BC Founded by Indo-Aryans
Moche Coast of Peru Moche 100 750
Mongol Mongolia Karakorum 1206 split in 1300s Split into four empires (Yuan Dynasty, Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and Golden Horde)
Mughal India,Pakistan Agra and Delhi 1526 1857 Founded by Babur. "Mughal" is a Persian word for the Mongols
Nicaean Byzantine Greece Nicaea 1204 1261
Nanda Empire Indian subcontinent Pataliputra 5th century BC 4th century BC Dravidian Empire
Ottoman Anatolia Depends on the period 1299 1922 Capitals were Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne and lastly Istanbul
Olmec Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico San Lorenzo 1200BC 400BC
Pala Bengal Pataliputra 750 1174
Palmyrene Syria (Roman province) Palmyra 260 273 broke off the Roman Empire during the Crisis of the Third Century
Pandyan India Madurai 1st century AD 14th century Considered by contemporary historians as being the richest country in the world
Parthian Persia Ctesiphon 200 BC 224 Third Persian Empire,Founded by Arsaces I
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland Kraków, Warsaw 1569 1795
Portuguese Portugal Lisbon 1415 1999 Was the earliest and longest lived of the colonial Western European empires
Qing China Shenyang, Beijing 1636 1912 Last dynasty of the Imperial Period
Rashidun Saudi Arabia Medina (later went to Kufa, Iraq) 632 661
Holy Roman Central Europe None 843 1806 Also known as The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. See also Roman Empire
Roman Modern Italy Rome 509BC/[1]27 BC 476(West)/1453(East) See also Byzantine Empire, Holy Roman Empire, Roman Republic and Imperium
Russian Russia Saint Petersburg 1721 1917 formed from the powerful medieval state of Muscovy
Safavid Iran Tabriz, Qazvin, Esfahan 1501 1722
Saffarid Afghanistan Zaranj 861 1003
Sassanid Persia (Iran) Ctesiphon 224 642 Fourth Persian Empire
Satavahana India Paithan(Pune) 230 BC 199 Indian Middle Kingdoms Middle kingdoms of India
Seleucid Persia (Iran) Seleucia, then Antioch 323 BC 60 BC
Seljuk Aral Sea, Asia Minor Ray, Iran and later on Isfahan 1037 1194 Fifth Persian empire
Serbian Serbian Kingdom Skopje 1345 1371 fell into feudal disarray
Serbian Modern-day northern Vojvodina, Serbia Subotica 1526 1527 state of a mercenary, Jovan Nenad
Siam Thailand Ayutthaya ,Thonburi and Bangkok 1345 1909
Sikh Punjab region Amritsar 1799 1849 Preceded the British Empire in the Indian subcontinent
Song China Kaifeng, Hangzhou 960 1279
Songhai West Africa Gao 1375 1591 Former vassal of the Mali Empire which became one of the largest African empires in history.
Soviet Russia Moscow 1922 1991 Not a de jure empire. It referred to economic and cultural influence
Spanish Iberian peninsula Madrid 1402 1975 Was founded with the recapture of the Canary Islands from the Moors. Was one of the first global empires
Srivijaya Malay Archipelago Palembang, Jambi 3rd century 14th century
Sunga Empire Indian subcontinent Pataliputra, Vidisa 185 BCE 73BCE Magadha dynasty that controlled North-central and Eastern India
Swedish Scandinavia Stockholm 1611 1721 Was Northern Europe's most powerful state, and the continental leader of Protestantism.
Tang China Chang'an 618 907 Founded By Li Yuan(aka. Emperor Gaozu of Tang)
Tay Son Dynasty Vietnam Thanglong 1778 1802 The empire is the glory of Emperor Quang Trung
Teotihuacano Mesoamerica Teotihuacán 300 BC 600/700 BC Teotihuacán translated as "city where men become gods"
Third Reich Germany Berlin 1933 1945 Nazi Germany signed a treaty (Tripartite Pact) with the Japanese and Italian Empires
Tibetan Tibet Lhasa 7th century 11th century
Timurid Persia and Central Asia Samarkand and later on Herat 1401 1505 Persianized form of the Mongolian word kürügän,Sixth Persian empire
Trebizond Black Sea Trebizond - modern name Trabzon 1204 1461 Successor state of the Byzantine Empire
Tu'i Tongan Tonga, Pacific Ocean Mu'a 900 AD 1700 AD See History of Tonga
Umayyad Syria Damascus and later on Cordoba, Spain 661 1492 Descendants of Prophet Muhammad
Ur III Sumer Ur 2100 BC 2000 BC The dynasty/empire is also known as the Sumerian Renaissance
Vedic India Various over many dynasties 600 BC 1200 See Kingdoms of ancient India and Mahajanapadas
Venetian Northeast Italy Venice 697 1797 More a republic than an empire. Also known as The Most Serene Republic of Venice
Vijayanagara South India Deccan 1336 1646 The founding of the original kingdom was based on the principality of Anegondi
Wari Peru, Bolivia Huari/Tiwanaku 700 1100 It is a matter of conflict as to whether it was a real organized state that could be called an empire. If so, it would be considered the first empire in the Americas.
Yuan Mongolia, Central Asia Beijing 1271 1368 The emporer of Yuan was also emporer of all the Mongol empire(until 1300s).
Zulu West Zimbabwe and South Africa Kwa Buluwayo 1817 1879
Zapotecs Oaxaca Valley Monte Albán 500 BC 1502

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_republic
  • Hunt, L. et al. (1995). Challenge of the West: Peoples & Cultures from the Stone Age to the Global Age. D. C. Heath and Company: Lexington, MA.
  • Black, J. et al. (2004). World History Atlas: Mapping the Human Journey. Dorling Kindersley: New York, NY.
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