Kawawachikamach, Quebec

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Kawawachikamach, Quebec, meaning "the winding river", is an Naskapi/Iyiyiw First Nations community at the south end of Lac Matemace (where it joins Lac Peter) approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Schefferville, population 783, latitude 54°51′49″, longitude 66°45′34″. The village was built by the Naskapi/Iyiyiw from 1980 to 1983. The language spoken is Iyiyiw-Imuun, a dialect closely related to Innu and Iynu (East Cree) and English.

Access to the village is by way of railway from Sept-Îles, Quebec, across Labrador to Schefferville, then by way of an 15 km (9 mi) road from the center of Schefferville. With the demise of Schefferville as a residential center for the iron ore mining operations, Kawawachikamach and Matimékush are now the prime communities in the region.

Telephone and postal services are still provided from the Schefferville exchange by Telebec and from the Schefferville Post Office, G0G 2Z0, while electricity is provided by the Schefferville Power Company. The Naskapi/Iyiyiw provide their own policing services.

Naskapi Imuun provides broadband satellite Internet services to the Kawawachikamach/Schefferville region.

LAND TITLE HISTORY [1] December 31, 1941 Québec proclaims the Lands and Forests Act, which provides for the reservation of lands not exceeding 133 550 hectares (330 000 acres) for the benefit of the Indians by the transfer of usufruct.

November 18, 1958 Survey of block 44, territory of New Québec, destined for the use and benefit of Montagnais and of Naskapis.

June 7, 1960- REGISTRATIONNUMBERX17355 Order in Council 951 - The Government of Québec transfers block 44 (in the territory of New Québec) to the Government of Canada, pursuant to section 67 of the Lands and Forests Act (chapter 93, R.S. 1941), for the use and benefit of the Montagnais and Naskapis.

August 21, 1968 Order in Council 2718 - The Québec Government transfers to the Government of Canada the control and administration of a portion of block 16, territory of New Québec, for the use and benefit of the Montagnais and Naskapis.

November 11, 1975 Signing of the James Bay and Northern Québec Agreement - Crees-Inuit-Naskapis by the Governments of Québec and Canada.

October 31, 1977 The Government of Canada enacts the James Bay and Northern Québec Native Claims Settlement.

January 12, 1978- REGISTRATIONNUMBER61852 The Naskapi Band cedes any rights or interests that it could have regarding the entire lot 39 of block 16, and block 44, New Québec territory. The surrender was a prerequisite to the forthcoming agreement between the Naskapis, the Government of Canada and the Government of Québec, which would be known as the Northeastern Québec Agreement.

January 19, 1978 Government of Canada Order in Council 1978-109 accepting the surrender, by the Naskapi Band, of any rights or interests that it could have regarding the lands described in the act of surrender dated January 12, 1978.

January 31, 1978 Signing of the Northeastern Québec Agreement - Crees-Inuit-Naskapisby the governments of Québec and Canada.

February 13, 1978 Privy Council Order 1978-502 - The Government of Canada adopts the Northeastern Québec Agreement, as provided by section 4 of the James Bay and Northern Québec Native Claims Settlement Act.

June 28, 1978 The Government of Québec enforces the Act approving the Northeastern Québec Agreement.

June 1, 1979 The Government of Québec proclaims the Act Respecting the Land Regime in the James Bay & New Québec Territory.

June 27, 1979- REGISTRATIONNUMBER65618 Order 1851-79 - The Government of Québec transfers, as a provisional measure pending final transfer, the administration, management, and control of 3 299 square kilometres of cat- egory 1A lands (Cree), and of 41.93 square kilometres of category 1A-N lands (Naskapi), for the exclusive benefit of local governments, i.e. of the Cree bands or the Naskapi band, as applicable. Québec retains bare ownership of these lands.

February 12, 1981 Order 394-81 - The Government of Québec provisionally transfers to the Government of Canada the administration, management and control of category 1A-N lands. The text of the order indicates a 41.44 square kilometre area.

March 26, 1981 Government of Canada Order in Council 1981-809 accepting the provisional transfer of cat- egory 1A-N lands.

May 20, 1981 Government of Québec Order 1370-81 - Provisional transfer of category 1B-N lands to the Naskapi Landholding Corporation of Schefferville.

June 14, 1984 The House of Commons of Canada proclaims the Cree-Naskapi (of Québec) Actrelating prin- cipally to Cree and Naskapi local government and to the land regime governing category IA and category IA-N lands.

January 29, 1992 Government of Québec Order 92-92 - Final transfer to the Government of Canada of the administration, management and control of category 1A-N lands for the exclusive use and benefit of the Québec Naskapi band.

September 15, 1998- REGISTRATIONNUMBER270346 Government of Canada Order 1998-1591 accepting the administration, management, and control of lands mentioned in the Order 92-92 dated January 29, 1992, pursuant to paragraph 16(1)(f) of the Federal Real Property Act.